1st degree burn: symptoms and simple home treatment

What is a first-degree burn?

A first-degree burn is the mildest form of burn injury. Only the outer skin layer (epidermis) is affected. The skin looks red, dry and sore, but does not blister. Common causes include:

• Short contact with hot water or surfaces
• Mild sunburn
• Brief exposure to steam or chemicals

These burns usually heal within a few days to a week. The affected skin peels slightly before new, healthy skin forms.

There is no permanent scarring, unless the skin becomes infected or exposed to too much sunlight during recovery.

Learn more about second-degree burns and third-degree burns and how they differ from mild burns.

First aid for a first-degree burn

Quick, gentle care helps your skin recover faster and prevents further damage.

Do this immediately:

1. Cool the burn with lukewarm (not cold) running water for about 10–20 minutes.
2. Remove jewellery or tight clothing near the area before swelling starts.
3. Clean gently with mild soap and water.
4. Protect the skin with a light, non-stick dressing or leave it open to air if small.

Avoid:

• Ice, butter, toothpaste or oils: these can damage the skin further.
• Breaking any small blisters (if they appear later).

If the burn covers a large area, is on the face, hands, genitals or joints, or if you are unsure of its depth, contact a healthcare professional or call NHS 111 for advice.

Healing and aftercare

Your skin works hard to restore its natural barrier. To support this process:

• Keep the area moisturised once it has cooled. A mild, hydrating cream can help soothe tightness and dryness.
• Avoid sun exposure on the healing skin. Even a mild sunburn can slow recovery or cause temporary pigmentation changes, especially in darker skin tones.
• Do not pick peeling skin but let it shed naturally.

Hydration helps your skin restore its balance and comfort. Although most 1st degree burns heal without scarring, dry or unprotected skin may stay red or flaky for longer.

A medical cream like ALHYDRAN can be used after the burn has cooled and the skin is intact. It helps maintain moisture and supports your skin’s recovery phase, especially when the area feels dry or tight.

When to see a doctor

Seek medical attention if:

• Pain is severe or worsening after 48 hours
• The burn area is larger than your palm
• There are signs of infection (increased redness, swelling or pus)
• The person is a baby, older adult, or has diabetes or poor circulation

Summary

A first-degree burn is usually mild and heals quickly with basic care. Cooling the area, keeping it clean and hydrated, and protecting it from the sun are key steps. Scarring is very unlikely, but careful aftercare helps your skin recover comfortably.

References

We believe it is important that our claims are backed by evidence. The information we share is based on scientific research, clinical studies, and specialist experience worldwide.